Aptamers
refer to short strands of nucleic acids or peptide molecules capable of forming
secondary and tertiary structures. These molecules bind specifically to the
cellular targets and are created by selecting randomly from the complex
libraries of synthetic nucleic acids. These receptor molecules can be modified
in order to enhance the stability and availability in biological environments.
Aptamers possess potential applications in research, clinical, industrial and
medical areas. Since the 1990s, aptamers have been tested for their clinical
relevance.
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Aptamers
are chemically equivalent to protein therapeutics and are highly specific,
non-immunogenic and small in size. Despite of its advantages over protein
therapeutics, aptamers are not able to establish their strong presence in the
market. According to a research study published in 2010, till date only one
aptamer based drug has received regulatory approval. The first aptamer based
therapeutic was indicated for the treatment of age related macular degeneration
and was FDA approved in the year 2004. At present many other aptamer molecules
are being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Emergence
of aptamer molecules in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications holds
immense growth prospects in the near future. With the development of systematic
evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, aptamers are
replacing antibodies in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Aptamers
market can be categorized on the basis of product type, applications and
geographies. The application areas of aptamers include diagnostics, biosensors,
drug discovery, bio-markers, therapeutics and others.
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